A hospitalized patient has not eaten well for two weeks and presents with serum phosphorus at 2.3 and magnesium at 1.3. What condition is indicated?

The correct answer is identified as hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia, which reflects the patient's low serum phosphorus and magnesium levels. Serum phosphorus levels below the normal range (typically 2.5-4.5 mg/dL) indicate hypophosphatemia, and with the patient's phosphorous measured at 2.3 mg/dL, this condition is confirmed. Similarly, a magnesium level of 1.3 mg/dL is below the typical reference range of 1.7-2.2 mg/dL, pointing to hypomagnesemia.

These electrolyte imbalances often occur in patients who have not eaten adequately, as dietary intake is crucial for maintaining proper levels of these minerals. Malnutrition or reduced food intake can lead to deficiencies in phosphorus and magnesium, manifesting in the lab results presented for this patient.

In essence, the combination of low serum phosphorus and magnesium indicates that the patient is likely suffering from malnutrition, which impacts the body's ability to maintain sufficient levels of these essential nutrients. Understanding the critical role of diet in maintaining electrolyte balance is vital in providing effective patient care and treatment for conditions arising from nutrient deficiencies.